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What ist GIS?
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GIS
stands for „Geographical Information Systems “.
The term is used for computer supported information systems
made up of hardware, software, geographical data and the application
itself.
The GIS-Software forms the heart of any GIS system and is responsible
for the majority of the work. The workflow of GIS can be described
as follows:
- Modelling of geographical data – a data model is
compiled that allows you to render the closest possible
image of reality for a specific application. GIS can be
used in many different domains, for example environmental
protection, official surveys, and many other applications.
- Data collection: measurements in the field (GPS, tachymetry)
provide data which are then digitalized on the screen by
means of analogue and digital maps and through compute processes.
- Processing and administration: the data must be prepared
and checked for the GIS. The processing of the data (import,
export, updating, checking for consistency, attribution
of rights, and so forth) today usually takes place in a
spatial database.
- Analysis: the data are uploaded in the GIS-Software and
made available for the various calculations and analysis.
- Presentation and publication: by means of the input of
geographical data, digital maps are configured and saved.
These maps can be further used by the system or printed
as a cartographic product (plan to scale).
Due to their format, geographical data are subdivided into
raster data and vector data. Point coordinates form the smallest
unit of vector data; a line (vector) is thus formed by linking
two points. If multiple lines are linked together this can
form a closed surface.
Grid data store spatial data by means of image points (pixels).
Usually, every pixel has 3 channels for saving data. Besides
the colour value (RGB) it would for example be possible to
save altitude values at the same time for an elevation model.
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The Geographic Information System of the Nationalpark was
developed 1992 on an initiative of the Research Commission
and the Geographic Institute of the University Zurich. Since
at the beginning of the year 2000 GIS is a seperate department
of the administration of the SNP (Department of Geoinformatics).
In the long time of Research in the SNP comprehensive and
valuable data were originated. These data are constantly supplemented
with current observations and processed in the GIS.
Thus long-term processes can be better understood, documented
and presented at the end. In addition, for questions of the
park- infrastructure the GIS gives answers and is a very good
tool . Today, all important Informationboards and General
Maps, also those in the Internet, derive from our GIS.
GIS-Data in Internet look up: 
Interactive
Map of Swiss National Park
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| Data
recorded in the field is just a start. These data are then sorted
and classified to form a base for numerous research projects.
The GIS is of great assistance to management in all space-related
matters.. |
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GIS
Thanks to the latest computer technology, using GIS it is possible
to combine a vast range of different fields of study. Considerable
amounts of data can be dealt with. GIS can also be used to simulate
natural events such as a forest fire. |
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Based
at the National Park headquarters and at Zurich University,
there are 4 people working on the SNP-GIS team. Currently in
Zernez there exist 7 GIS-workstations for the departments Research
and Information Systems. |
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